The strengths of this study include the use of a large sample of MA women as well as the employment of rigorous analysis of the psychometric characteristics of the BDS using modern measurement theory. The correlation between the two subscales disattenuated for measurement error was 0.69 ( R 2 = 0.47), providing support that the two subscales measure qualitatively distinct aspects of BDS.
As the first residual component associated with each subscale had an eigenvalue < 2.0, we decided not to further divide the BDS into smaller subscales. These two subdimensions were examined as separate subscales, and are henceforth referred to as the BDS Overall Body Shape and Stomach (BDS-OBSS) scale, the BDS Hips, Thighs and Buttocks (BDS-HTB) subscale, and the total subscale as the BDS (see Table 1). Items pertaining to the stomach and overall body shape had positive component loadings whereas items pertaining to hips, thighs and buttocks had negative loadings.
However, the first principal component of residuals explained 32.6% of residual variance (eigenvalue = 2.6). Principal components analysis of Rasch residuals revealed that the BDS captures a strong primary dimension accounting for 65.4% (eigenvalue = 15.1) of the response variance.
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